audiobriefs
10:14in productionCh. 1 · The workstation that sold/ 10:14 · ceiling 15 min
Synths & drum machines · Keyboards & organs

Korg M1

It didn’t invent anything — but it assembled everything so well, nothing else mattered.

The Korg M1 is a 1988 sampling-based music workstation with 16-note polyphony, 16-bit PCM sample playback, built-in effects including reverb, delay, chorus, tremolo, EQ, distortion and Leslie simulation, and an eight-track MIDI sequencer. It uses sampled attack transients, loops, sustained waveforms and percussive samples. It was the bestselling synthesizer ever at that time, selling over 250,000 units. None of its features was unique, but their integration was unprecedented.

Chapters & takeaways4
  1. 0:55
    The workstation that sold

    It was a workstation — not just a synth — and the bestselling one ever, until then.

  2. 2:49
    Sample + synthesis, not sample editing

    It ran on 16-bit PCM samples: attacks, loops, sustains, percussion — all preloaded, none editable.

  3. 4:11
    Effects as instruments

    Its effects weren’t add-ons — they were baked into every preset and controllable in real time.

  4. 5:52
    Not unique. Unbeatable.

    No single feature was new — but their integration created a new workflow.

Worth your time?

Yes. Use the whole thing.

4.5/ 5
What works
  • as a complete production hub
  • with zero external gear
  • for fast sketching and final delivery
What does not
  • invent new synthesis methods
  • allow sample editing
  • support more than 16-note polyphony
  • include audio recording
Use it if
  • producers needing immediate, polished sounds
  • performers wanting integrated effects and sequencing
  • studios replacing multiple hardware units
Skip it if
  • sound designers seeking deep editing
  • live acts requiring higher polyphony
  • users needing modern recall or file interoperability
The written brief2 min read

What it is and what it was built for

It is a keyboard-format music workstation built to replace racks, drum machines and tape-based production in commercial studios and touring rigs. It was built for speed, polish and portability — not for sound design experimentation or modular expansion.

How it works, in terms a player would use

It plays 16 notes at once. It triggers 16-bit PCM samples — attack transients, loops, sustained waveforms, percussive hits — from a 4MB ROM. It layers those with ADSR envelopes, separate LFOs for vibrato and filter modulation, and a joystick for real-time pitch and mod control. It routes sound through built-in reverb, delay, chorus, tremolo, EQ, distortion and Leslie simulation.

What it does better than anything else

It integrates sampling, synthesis parameters, effects and sequencing into one keyboard faster than any rival in 1988. Its preset library — pianos, strings, guitars, basses, drums — was curated for immediate use in pop, R&B and TV scoring. Its Leslie simulation and EQ were deployed as musical tools, not technical novelties.

What it does badly

It offers no sample editing. It has no user-accessible sample RAM. It gives no control over loop points, transient start positions or waveform shaping. Its sequencer is eight-track only and MIDI-only — no audio recording, no quantise depth options, no swing adjustment.

What people made with it

Producers used it to make chart-topping pop, R&B and film scores throughout the late 1980s and early 1990s. Its presets defined the sonic texture of mainstream music before samplers became affordable and DAWs widespread.

Who should use it, and who should not

A producer or performer who values immediacy, integrated effects and a cohesive factory sound set. Not a sound designer seeking granular control, a live performer needing more than 16-note polyphony, or a studio builder prioritising expandability or recall.

Is it worth your time

Yes — if you need a self-contained, tactile workstation that delivers polished, production-ready sounds without routing, patching or external effects. No — if you need deep synthesis control, more than 16 voices, or sample editing beyond what the M1 allows.

Same bench · Synths & drum machines4 of 40
9:20
ARP 2600ARPThe ARP 2600 is a foundational analog synthesizer designed for education. Its semimodular architecture, front-panel signal graphics, and duophonic voice count reflect its classroom purpose—not stage use. Its original filter was replaced after a patent dispute. It teaches synthesis more directly than any contemporaneous instrument, but offers no polyphony, no presets, and unstable tuning.
8:47
Roland CR-78RolandThe CR-78 is historically singular: the first microprocessor-based drum machine and the first to allow user-programmable pattern creation. Its analog synthesis yields 14 fixed drum sounds. Its four-note polyphony defines its rhythmic ceiling. It does not offer sound editing, velocity layers, or sample playback. It belongs in rooms where constraint is compositional strategy—not a flaw to be patched.
8:36
Yamaha CS-80Yamaha · 1976The Yamaha CS-80 is an analog synthesizer introduced in 1977. It supports true 8-voice polyphony, with two independent synthesizer layers per voice each with its own set of front panel controls. It has a layered keyboard that is both velocity-sensitive and pressure-sensitive, with polyphonic aftertouch and a ribbon controller for polyphonic pitch-bends and glissandos. Production of the instrument ceased in 1980.
9:20
Casio CZ synthesizersCasioThe Casio CZ series is a line of low-cost, digitally implemented phase distortion synthesizers introduced by Casio in 1984. They simulate analog filter behaviour without physical filters, using digital phase distortion instead. Each oscillator plays waveforms in series—not parallel—enabling sub-harmonics but restricting waveform pairing. Polyphony drops from eight to four voices when using two oscillators per voice. They were built for amateur musicians, prioritising affordability and portability over expressive control or sonic flexibility.
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